Urban public transport regulation in Pakistan

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RFID Based Toll Booth Management System using Internet of Things

Automation has played a vital role in the advancement of engineering and science. In recent times, traffic congestion on toll booths has been increasing day by day in countries like Pakistan. In such circumstances, there is a need to upgrade the Toll Booth Management System. A proper gate system is required to install on many organizations and institutions, which are being controlled manually by a security person. This process results in long queues of vehicles at gates, thus taking too much time and results in burning extra fuel of the vehicles. The system is still not secure. In this paper, the idea of making surveillance smart toll booth system that depends on Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Innovation and online database has been presented. The automated gate system should be installed at every toll booth as a solution to this. After scanning the RFID, the system allows the vehicle to pass through the gate if data is present at the database. Otherwise, the automobile has to get approval from higher authorities. The developed system scans the RFID tag using RFID reader and compares it with database for authentication purposes and then automatically lifts the barrier up if that vehicle is permissible

An Analysis of Good Qualities of Human Beings Generally and Leaders Especially: An Islamic Law Perspective

Leader is that person who is followed by other persons and not following other persons. Leader inspires other persons and makes more leaders rather than making followers and he is enthusiastic about future and leads a group towards successful and prosperous future. Islamic Law is revelation of Almighty Allah revealed on the last Prophet Muhammad for betterment of human beings in both worlds. Islamic Law is a complete code of life provides guidelines required to be followed in all aspects of life to achieve success. Prophet Muhammad led a group later conquered more than half world by following teachings of Almighty Allah and Prophet Muhammad. The vision of a leader is comprised of (i) Motive, (ii) Intention, and (iii) Object. Motive is an idea developed by leader, intention is an action upon motive and object is the reason of struggle. Some leadership qualities include (i) Truthfulness, (ii) Trustworthiness, (iii) Justice, (iv) Knowledge, (iv) Fearlessness, (v) Calmness, and (vi) Selflessness. This study is a qualitative method of research point out and describe qualities of a leader under verses of Holy Book Quran and authentic traditions of Prophet Muhammad. Almighty Allah says “O’ believers! Fully enter in Islam and do not follow footsteps of an evil, indeed he is your true enemy”. Prophet Muhammad said “Muslim can do other sins but he cannot tell a lie”. Similarly, a Muslim cannot defraud his followers otherwise he cannot be considered a good leader. Knowledgeable and powerful person is given more importance under Islam Law over a lay man and a weak person and he who accepts Islam and believes in (i) Almighty Allah, (ii) His angels, (iii) His books including Holy Quran (iv) His messengers including Prophet Muhammad, (v) day of judgment, (vi) good-bad fate, and (vii) resurrection after death has no fear of future and he is not sad on his past. It is therefore recommended that youngsters are required to follow teachings prescribed in Holy Quran and authentic traditions of Prophet Muhammad for benefits in this world as well as in hereafter

IMPROVED GAS MIGRATION CONTROL IN OIL WELL CEMENT

Polymers are being used as multifunctional additives that control fluid loss, free water and prevent gas migration through cement slurry. Most ofthe polymers degrade at 80 °C and lose their viscosity with increasing temperature. The reduction in the viscosity of polymers leads to fluid loss, free water separation and decreases hydrostatic pressure which causes gas migration. In this research, Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) has been studied and used in cement slurry to prevent gas migration. The objectives of this study were to determine the viscosity of HPMC solutions, API properties and gas migration of HPMC based cement slurries at 90 °C. The viscosity of 1.5 and 2 wt% HPMC solutions was determined at different temperatures of 30 to 100 °C with respect to shear rates. The cement slurries of 16.5 ppg density were prepared using 0.20 to 0.80 gps concentration of HPMC solutions with fluid loss, dispersant, retarder and defoamer additives

Conditional Volatility Nexus between Stock Markets and Macroeconomic Variables: Empirical Evidence of G-7 Countries

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyse the relation between stock market volatility and macroeconomic fundamentals for G-7 countries using monthly data over the period from July 1985 to June 2015.  Methodology: The empirical methodology is based on two steps: in the first step, we obtain the conditional volatilities of stock market returns and macroeconomic variables through the GARCH family of models. We also incorporate the impact of early 2000s dotcom and the global financial crises. In the second step, we estimate multivariate vector autoregressive (VAR) model to analyze the dynamic relation between stock markets return and macroeconomic variables.  Findings: The overall results for G-7 countries indicate a weak volatility transmission from macroeconomic factors to stock market volatility at individual level but the collective impact of volatility transmission is highly significant. Although, the results of block exogeneity indicate a bidirectional causality except for the UK, but the causal linkage is quite weak from stock market to macroeconomic variables. Moreover, the local financial variables excluding interest rate are closely integrated, and the volatility of industrial production growth and oil price are identified as the most significant macroeconomic factors that could possibly influence the directions of stock markets.  Originality: This research establishes the nature of the links between stock market and macroeconomic volatility. Research to date has been unable to satisfactorily establish the empirical nature of such links. We believe this paper begins to do this

Readability Analysis of Text in English Textbooks of Federal Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education for Higher Secondary Level

This study mainly focuses on the readability of the text of the HSSC-II textbook. Considering the importance of textbook evaluation, the study evaluated the English textbook of HSSC-II, which is taught at all the colleges affiliated with the Federal Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education (FBISE). Selected texts from the book have been analyzed so as to determine their readability. The texts were analyzed through an online text evaluation tool, the Text Readability Consensus Calculator (TRCC), which determines the grade level, text readability level, and age of the reader as well as the appropriation of the text. The readability scores of the text yielded by the TRCC were compared with the students\u27 results of the comprehension test. This comparison reveals that the original text is "fairly difficult to read" for 13–15-year-old native readers among 8th and 9th grade students, while the evaluator rates the simplified text as "fairly easy to read" for native readers among 12–14-year-old 7th and 8th grade students. While the results of the comprehension test for non-native readers show that the text is extremely difficult, non-native 12th graders with an average age of 17 could only get 39% in the original text and 47.6% in the simplified text. The research concludes with some suggestions for the text designer to consider various features for making text readability compatible with the grade level of the students

Performance analysis of user-centric SBS deployment with load balancing in heterogeneous cellular networks : A Thomas cluster process approach

Author's accepted manuscript.Available from: 24/01/2022.acceptedVersio